The hardness test method is to use a pressure device to press a steel ball with a diameter of 11.28 mm into the wood, and the load required when the depth reaches half the height of the steel ball. The hardness of 1290bf red oak is commonly used in the United States as a comparison value. It does not mean that the harder the wood, the more expensive or better. For example, walnut is softer than red oak, but the price is much more expensive. In addition, most super hard wood needs to be protected. Cherish the species.
Rosewood (Pterocarpus santalinus)
Origin: Mysore, southern India
Macroscopic structural features: the difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious, the sapwood is narrow and white, and the sapwood to heartwood changes rapidly; the heartwood of newly cut wood is orange-red, and it turns into red wine color after a long time, and its color is purple-black or almost black. Glossy, oblique texture, cumbersome structure, dense section, diffuse-porous wood. The pores are medium to small or few, barely visible to the naked eye. There is no intrusion in the tube hole, mostly reddish-brown gum or white deposits or not, wood rays are very thin, unclear and slightly dense under a magnifying glass.
Material properties: drying is difficult and slow, but less cracking, the heartwood is immune to tree rot fungus, termites and other pests, and has strong durability, so it does not need antiseptic treatment in use. Wood is tough, wood is tough, super hard, super hard. Diagonal texture.
Sandalwood (Santalum album)
Origin: India, Southeast Asia, Australia
Macroscopic structural features: white sapwood, odorless, heartwood, light yellowish brown when freshly cut, dark brown when exposed to the atmosphere, dark reddish brown after a long time, somewhat dark luster, woody fragrance, this This special fragrance persists for thousands of years. No special taste, occasionally showing weak wavy texture or rare bird's-eye pattern on the radial section, the structure is very fine and uniform. Diffuse porous wood. Wood rays are very thin and visible under a magnifying glass.
Material properties: The material is fine and heavy, when the water content is 12%, the density is 0.92g/cm3, the hardness is medium to hard, the texture is straight or slightly wavy, dense. Dries slowly and is durable.
Ebony (Diospyros ebemum)
Origin: India, Sri Lanka
Macroscopic structural features: heartwood and sapwood are distinct, white or yellowish white, wide. Heartwood jet black with light black stripes. After the wood is polished, it has a black metallic luster, the processed surface is hard and smooth, the texture is irregular or wavy, the structure is very fine, dense and uniform, no special smell, the wood rays are very thin, and the heartwood is a thin whitish band.
Material properties: The material is dense, especially hard and heavy. The air-dry density is 1.16g/cm3. It is not easy to dry. It is prone to end cracks or surface cracks during the drying process. It is durable and immune to powder beetles.
Teak (Tectona grandis)
Origin: India, Malaya, Myanmar and Thailand
Macro-structural features: the heartwood and sapwood are distinct, and the sapwood is light yellow-brown; the heartwood is golden yellow, and becomes dark yellow-brown after a long time, and in the dry growth area, it is mostly brown stripes, parabolic patterns on the chord surface, the wood is shiny, and the new wood is slightly It has a pungent smell, no taste, feels greasy to the touch, has a greasy touch on teak wood, the grain is usually straight, but in the same production area, there are also interlaced grains, the structure is medium to slightly coarse, ring-porous wood, growth ring Obvious, very wide, uneven. There are many wood rays, which are visible to the naked eye.
Material properties: Burmese teak wood density 0.60g/cm3. The wood is in good drying condition, and it needs to be covered during natural drying to prevent it from drying too quickly; the stability is good, the swelling is small, and the color of the wood is easy to change, but the color of the wood after drying is the same. Strong corrosion resistance, strong anti-corrosion, difficult anti-corrosion treatment. The sapwood is easily eaten by insects, but the heartwood is very resistant to termites and marine decaying wood organisms. Has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance.
Magnolia (Manglietia fordiana)
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: The difference between border forests is obvious. Sapwood grayish yellowish, heartwood small, light yellowish brown. Straight texture, fine structure, light material. The annual rings are obvious, uniform in width, and there are thin lines in the ring circle. Diffuse porous wood. The tube holes are slightly more, very small, evenly distributed, and the xylin rays are few, slightly thinner, unevenly distributed, and the xylin ray markings on the radial surface are not obvious.
Material properties: The air-dry density is 0.437g/cm3, light. Easy to dry, dry shrink. The heartwood is wear-resistant and has strong resistance to termites and insects.
Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious or slightly obvious. The sapwood is broad, yellowish brown to taupe, and the heartwood is reddish brown or stained with dark stripes. The wood has a typical camphor smell. Shiny, oblique or interlaced texture, fine structure. The annual rings are obvious, uneven in width, the early wood band is slightly wider, and the late wood band is darker, forming a dark ring boundary. Diffuse hole to tian diffuse hole wood. Pores gradually become smaller from earlywood to latewood. Axial parenchyma ring tube bundles, a few wing-shaped; wood rays thin, visible markings on the radial surface.
Material properties: air dry density 0.535g/cm3, light. It is easy to warp and crack when it is dry, and it shrinks when it is dry. Not easy to rot and moth, strong durability, smooth cutting surface.
Phoebe
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: The difference between heartwood and sapwood is not obvious. The wood is yellowish brown with a slight line green. Glossy and fragrant, oblique texture, fine structure. The annual rings are obvious. There are dark brown thin lines in the wheel circle. Diffuse porous wood. Tube pores are fine. Axial parenchyma ring tube bundle. The rays of the wood are thin, uneven in width and diameter, and the markings on the radial surface are fine and dense.
Material properties: The air-dry density is 0.61g/cm3, medium. There is warping phenomenon when drying, it is not rotted for a long time, it is easy to process, and the cut surface is smooth; the paint and adhesiveness are good.
Dalbergia hupeana
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: The difference between heartwood and sapwood is not obvious, and the wood is light yellowish brown. The annual rings are slightly obvious, and the width is uneven. Diffuse porous wood, the tube pores are slightly small, small to medium, and most of them are distributed separately. Axial parenchyma is abundant, near-tube wing-like, multi-wing-like, off-tube band-like, round-shaped, wood-ray thin, slightly smaller, light in color. String mask ripples.
Material properties: air dry density 0.987g/cm3, heavy. Dries slowly. Corrosion resistant, but susceptible to insects. The material is hard, difficult to cut, and the cut surface is smooth. Abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant.
Sophora Japonica
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: heartwood and sapwood are distinctly different, sapwood is narrow, yellowish-white, and heartwood is dark taupe. The texture is straight, the structure is slightly coarse, and the annual rings are obvious. Usually the windows are uneven. Ring porous wood. Pores of earlywood medium to slightly larger, usually 2-3 rows wide. Heartwood often contains brown gum, latewood pore slightly smaller, or lumpy or short tangent. The wood rays are thin and few, and the color is light.
Material properties: air-dried density 0.722g/cm3, medium, wear-resistant, but the sapwood is easy to be eaten by insects, easy to cut, and the cut surface is smooth.
Robinia pseudoacacia
made in China
Macroscopic structural features: heartwood and sapwood are distinct, sapwood is light yellow, very narrow; heartwood is dark yellowish brown, wood is shiny, straight texture, thick structure, obvious annual rings, usually wide and uneven. Ring porous wood. Pores of earlywood medium to large, 2 to several columns wide, dense, completely filled with intrusions in heartwood. Latewood tube pores are small and few, scattered in the middle, arranged in clusters at the edges or connected in intermittent concentric bands laterally. Axial parenchyma is abundant, paratubular annular tubular, wing-like, polywing-like, xylem ray to the middle, radial ray markings are not obvious.
Material properties: air-dry density 0.792g/cm3, heavy, should be dried slowly, otherwise it is easy to warp, the heartwood is durable, moisture-resistant and fire-resistant, the sapwood is not rot-resistant, and is easy to be eaten by insects. Processing and cutting are difficult, and the cut surface is smooth. Paints and sticks well.